Condensation ca n b e done by removing heat from exhaust steam. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii 1. Heat exchange institute hei, standards for steam surface condenser, 1970. It does so with the help of cooling water circulated into it from the cooling tower. Aspects of failure of condenser tubes and their remedial. Why we use condensor in thermal powerplant, by sk som. A chrome extension that condenses hour long nptel videos into short bits of important things. Steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. To sealing turbine before pulling condensate vacumn before start up, gland sealing steam is extracted from the live steam system or auxiliary steam systeam and decreased both pressure and temperature pressure.
Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. Design a horizontal condenser for the condensation of 45,000 lbh of almost pure normal propyl alcohol available at 15 psig. The steam which contains some water particles in superposition. Or in other words it is a device which is used to condense exhaust steam of the turbine into water. An introduction to condensers and auxiliary equipment for. Barometric condensers cost less to buy and install. Write the essential elements of a steam condensing plant. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. It is a device or an appliance in which steam condenses and heat released by steam is absorbed by water. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. Designing steam jet vacuum systems for costeffective vacuum pumping, the proper placement of condensers and pipe supports are critical david b. Const p heat rejection high quality steam is condensed in the condenser. Impulse turbines, reaction turbines, the impulse principle, the reaction principle, the impulse turbine, compounding of impulse turbine.
It is connected to the air extraction pump and condensate extraction pump. Direct aircooled condenser units in power plants usually consist of finned tubes arranged in the form of a delta or aframe to drain condensate effectively, reduce distribution steam duct lengths and minimize the required ground surface area. Const p heat rejection high quality steam is condensed in the condenser 4 3 1 2 s t 1 2 4 3 s. Tm is the log mean temperature difference given as t t. Lecture 2 nptel chemical engineering nuclear reactor. The steam carries with it the noncondensible gases such as air, carbon. A pump to deliver condensed steam to the hot well from the condenser. Unit iii steam nozzles and turbines flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure. As the lowpressure steam comes in contact with the cooling water, it condenses and turns into water. Evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapor from a. About 50% to 60% of the heat energy associated with steam is lost in a steam condenser.
The general arrangement and principal design features of a 900,000kw turbinegenerator are described and illustrated. Typical air cooled condenser steam distribution manifold air cooled condenser condensate tank air injector return to boiler liquid ring pump steam turbine the most widely accepted method to identify air inleak age is the use of helium as a tracer gas and a mass. Closed feed water heater employs indirect mode of heat transfer, i. Unit 2 steam power plant steam power plant structure 2. The condenser tubes and baffles are arranged in such a way as to cause the steam to flow from the condenser steam inlet toward the air cooler section.
Cooling water supplied to the condenser for the condensation of steam. Present analysis and design aspects of refrigerant condensers, estimation of. As the low pressure steam comes in contact with the cooling water, it condenses and converts into water. Forced circulation reboilers with vertical or horizontal tubes boiling may be designed. In pt02 the condenser cleanliness coefficient was dropped to 0. These are the gases that result from atmospheric air leaks into the vacuum portions of the steam cycle equipment, and from the. In a steam power cycle, the steam supply is at 15 bar and dry and saturated.
Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters, electricity from steam will continue, for many years, to provide the power that energizes the united states and world economies. Steam, turbine andfeedwater page 5 3 during nonnal operation, the heat transport system transfers heat from the reactor to the secondary coolant by way ofthe boilers. Condensers are delivered as fully tubed modules, so that little welding is required on site. The size and type of condenser selected is a function of airvapor ratios, cooling water temperatures available, steam and water costs, and contaminants in the suction vapor. Energy analysis for the cycle all four components of the rankine. Steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump, cycle net work.
Performance characteristics of an aircooled condenser. When whole mass of steam is converted into steam then it is called as dry steam. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Selection of fluids for tube and the shell side the routing of the shell side and tube side fluids has considerable effects on the heat exchanger design. Rankine cycle with closed feed water heaters are having its benefits and is most commonly used in all modern power plants.
Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 36 of 41 ii. Occurs when an outer force pushes a fluid, such the same as water of air, to create it move about and transfer heat. Steam condensers are devices in which the exhaust steam from the steam turbine is condensed by means of cooling water. Nptel chemical engineering nuclear reactor technology joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 3 of 8 in this lecture we shall discuss components of condensatefeedwater cycle of secondary system in a power plant utilizing steam from a typical watercooled nuclear reactor. Aksjournal2010 page 1 of 20 aspects of failure of condenser tubes and their remedial measures at power plants ashwini k. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. How does the steam turbine gland sealing system work. Occurs when a heater with a reduction of dense fluid is pressed left by a cooler denser fluid. Condensers for ejectors are available in either surface type or direct contact type barometric or jet condensers. A condenser is a device in which the steam is condensed by cooling it with water.
Compare air cooled condensers with water cooled condensers section. Some vacuum physics of steam condensers for turbines received 26 april 1979 r n bloomer, central electricity generating board, marchwood engineering laboratories, southampton, england vacuum applies to steam turbines because the pressure of saturated vapour above available cooling water is well below 1 bar typically 17 mbar at 15 ambient. The first steam turbine used for power generation was invented in 1884. Specifically, if the turbine exhausts into a vacuum system, it is necessary to inject sealing steam into the seals in order to keep the low pressure end of the turbine from drawing in atmospheric air. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. At the end of this session, learners will be able to i understand the role of condenser. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 35 of 41 practice problem.
It converts a part of the energy of high temperature and high pressure steam into mechanical energy or shaft work. Some vacuum physics of steam condensers for turbines. Low level parallel flow jet condenser 382016footer text 9 exhaust steam and cooling water both flow in the same direction. Sinha agm netra, ntpc limited abstract the demands placed on the condensers of utility generating units are significant. Initial steam conditions are 3500psi f with reheat to f. Gland condensers ab progetti vacuum systems steam jet. Calculate the carnot and rankine efficiencies of the cycle. Small heat exchanger used to condense the steam that leaks past the first section of seals on the shaft of a steam turbine. For understanding the gland sealing system first we have to understand why it is required so there are two main reason. Boiler, turbine, condenser, pump, carnot cycle for steam, disadvantages of carnot cycle application. The condenser performance test and thermal performance. How can i calculate pressure drop across the bundle of a single row.
Nptel condenser skips these parts for you and condenses each video into few minutes of most important content. This involves splitting up of the whole pressure drop from the steam chest pressure to the condenser pressure into a series of smaller pressure drops across several stages of impulse turbine. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. When the dry steam is further heated at constant pressure, the temperature increases the above saturation.
We can get the following conclusions according to the. The steam condenser receives exhaust steam from one end and gets in contact with the cooling water flowed within it form the cooling tower. The operation of steam turbine completely depends on the dynamic action of the steam expanding in. However, users should be aware that the barometric condenser is a directcontact design.
The steam condenser receives the exhaust steam from one end and comes in contact with the cooling water circulated within it form the cooling tower. It is attached to the air extraction pump and condensation extraction pump. Rankine cycle for closed feed water heaters and rankine. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction. The condenser houses the first two stages of low pressure heaters for simplified arrangement of the turbine building. Pressure compounding, velocity compounding, pressurevelocity compounding, the impulsereaction turbine, flow of steam through impulse turbine. Identifying the steam condenser problem a successful aircooled steam condenser must continuously and completely gather and discharge all of the noncondensables in the system. As turbine exhaust is connected to a condenser which is operated below atm pressure so there are chances of air ingres or va. Steam, turbine, generator, condenser and feedwater systems.